Set up Ubuntu on Hyper-V - 2024

Install Ubuntu in Hyper-V Link to heading

download ubuntu server ISO file from https://ubuntu.com/download/server

Set proxy Link to heading

for console program Link to heading

sudo vi .bashrc

add the following content

export http_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/
export https_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/
export ftp_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/

for apt Link to heading

sudo vi /etc/apt/apt.conf

add these content

Acquire::http::proxy "http://192.168.137.1:7890/";
Acquire::https::proxy "http://192.168.137.1:7890/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "http://192.168.137.1:7890/";

for System-wide Link to heading

sudo vi /etc/environment

http_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/
https_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/
ftp_proxy=http://192.168.137.1:7890/

Modify ubuntu archive repo Link to heading

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

then pick one from https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors and replace the old one with the one you chose.

Types: deb
URIs: http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

Types: deb
URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
Suites: noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

Modify hostname and /etc/hosts Link to heading

sudo vi /etc/hostname
sudo vi /etc/hosts

Edit DNS server Link to heading

Option 1. config netplan Link to heading

sudo vi /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

eth1:
    addresses:
    - 192.168.5.189/24
    nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]
        search: []
    routes:
    -   to: default
        via: 192.168.5.1

then

sudo netplan apply
sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
service systemd-resolved restart
sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

Option 2. config systemd-resolved Link to heading

vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

[Resolve]
# Some examples of DNS servers which may be used for DNS= and FallbackDNS=:
# Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1#cloudflare-dns.com 1.0.0.1#cloudflare-dns.com 2606:4700:4700::1111#cloudflare-dns.com 2606:4700:4700::1001#cloudflare-dns.com
# Google:     8.8.8.8#dns.google 8.8.4.4#dns.google 2001:4860:4860::8888#dns.google 2001:4860:4860::8844#dns.google
# Quad9:      9.9.9.9#dns.quad9.net 149.112.112.112#dns.quad9.net 2620:fe::fe#dns.quad9.net 2620:fe::9#dns.quad9.net
DNS=8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1
FallbackDNS=8.8.4.4 1.0.0.1
#Domains=
#DNSSEC=no
#DNSOverTLS=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#LLMNR=no
#Cache=no-negative
#CacheFromLocalhost=no
#DNSStubListener=yes
#DNSStubListenerExtra=
#ReadEtcHosts=yes
#ResolveUnicastSingleLabel=no
#StaleRetentionSec=0

sudo rm /etc/resolv.conf
service systemd-resolved restart
sudo ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

verify

dig +trace apple.com
dig +trace baidu.com
dig +trace acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org

Set IPs for Ubuntu server Link to heading

Static Internal IP Link to heading

The static ip is to allow you to access your ubuntu server with a fixed ip every time you access it, because the default switch will assign a random ip to your virtual machine every time you reboot windows, so we need to fix a static ip for your ubuntu server.

External Switch IP Link to heading

If your windows computer is connected to a router and the router has dhcp turned on, then you can let your ubuntu server have the same ip as your windows which is assigned by the dhcp function of the router, so it seems that your ubuntu server and your windows are two real machines in the same LAN.